Exposure classes according to DIN EN 206 / DIN 1045-2 assign each component to an environment: X0 (no attack), XC (carbonation), XD (chlorides without seawater), XS (chlorides from seawater), XF (frost attack), XA (chemical attack), XM (abrasion).
The class determines: which cement is permitted, maximum w/c ratio, minimum cement content, minimum concrete cover over the reinforcing steel, required compressive strength class.